📡 Architecture Manual & Live Blueprint

5G Standalone (SA) & Service-Based Architecture (SBA) System

👨‍💻 Designed & Engineered by Dilshad Abdulla | Designer & Software Engineer

Explore end-to-end 5G-RAN gNodeB topologies, Service-Based Architecture (SBA) REST microservices, SUCI/SUPI identity encryption, dynamic Network Slicing (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC), and high-throughput CUPS User Plane routing engines.

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The GitHub repository (DilshadGit/5g_system) displays the public README.md overview, 5G SA core flowcharts, and SBA specs for buyers to evaluate. Full production source code access, private repository invitation, and turn-key deployment rights require verified Commercial Payment via PayPal or Bank Wire Transfer to Lead Software Engineer & Architect Dilshad Abdulla.

🏷️ Suggested Pricing Tiers:

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📑 Section Pagination & Navigation

Interactive 5G System Flowchart Sections

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Section 1 of 8

📖 Official System Architecture Manual & Technical Spec Repository: DilshadGit/5g_system

5G Standalone (SA) Core & Service-Based Architecture (SBA)

Engineered & Authored by Dilshad Abdulla — Senior Software Engineer & Lead System Architect.

⚡ Executive System Overview

The 5G Standalone (SA) Core System (DilshadGit/5g_system) is a cloud-native, microservices-driven 3GPP Release 16/17 compliant mobile core platform. Built with Python 3.13, Django 5.2 Enterprise, gRPC, and Docker/Kubernetes container orchestrations, the platform implements a Service-Based Architecture (SBA) decoupling control plane functions from edge user plane routing (CUPS).

🏛️ Core Technical Architecture Stack

Component Layer	Technologies & Protocols	Architectural Purpose
Control Plane Core	Python 3.13, Django 5.2, FastAPI, gRPC	AMF, SMF, NRF, NUDM, AUSF, NSSF microservices
User Plane (UPF)	DPDK, eBPF / XDP, Linux Kernel Offload	Ultra-low latency N3/N4/N6 packet processing (up to 100 Gbps)
Service-Based Interface	HTTP/2, RESTful JSON, TLS 1.3, OpenAPI 3.0	SBI inter-NF communication over Namf, Nsmf, Nudm, Nausf, Nnrf
Radio Access Network	5G NR, O-RAN CU/DU/RU Split, 64T64R	Massive MIMO, Beamforming, Option 7-2x Front-haul
Subscriber Privacy	ECIES Curve25519, SUPI/SUCI Encryption	Anonymized over-the-air subscriber identifier protection
Authentication Engine	5G-AKA, EAP-AKA', Key Derivation	Mutual authentication & integrity protection

📊 Master 5G SA Core Operational Flowchart

flowchart TD
    subgraph RAN ["1. Radio Access Network (5G NR)"]
        UE[5G User Equipment / SIM] -->|NR Uu Air Interface| RU[Radio Unit - RU]
        RU -->|eCPRI Fronthaul| DU[Distributed Unit - DU]
        DU -->|F1 Interface| CU[Centralized Unit - CU]
    end

    subgraph ControlPlane ["2. 5G SA Core - Service Based Architecture (SBA)"]
        CU -->|N1 / N2 NAS| AMF[Access & Mobility Mgmt Function - AMF]
        AMF <-->|Nausf| AUSF[Authentication Server Function - AUSF]
        AUSF <-->|Nudm| UDM[Unified Data Management - UDM]
        AMF <-->|Nnssf| NSSF[Network Slice Selection Function - NSSF]
        AMF <-->|Nsmf| SMF[Session Management Function - SMF]
        SMF <-->|Npcf| PCF[Policy Control Function - PCF]
        AMF & SMF <-->|Nnrf| NRF[Network Repository Function - NRF]
    end

    subgraph UserPlane ["3. CUPS User Plane Routing"]
        SMF -->|N4 PFCP Control| UPF[User Plane Function - UPF]
        CU -->|N3 GTP-U Tunnel| UPF
        UPF -->|N6 Interface| DN[Data Network / Internet / MEC Edge]
    end

    subgraph Security ["4. Security & Privacy Engine"]
        SUCI[SUCI ECIES Encryption] --> AMF
        AKA[5G-AKA Key Exchange] --> AUSF
    end

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Section 1.1

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1.1 Executive Summary & Architecture Overview

flowchart TD
    subgraph Overview ["5G System Architectural Pillars"]
        NR["5G New Radio (5G NR)
CU / DU / RU Split & 64T64R Massive MIMO"]
        SBA["Service-Based Architecture (SBA)
HTTP/2 REST APIs (Namf, Nsmf, Nudm, Nausf, Nnrf)"]
        CUPS["Control & User Plane Separation (CUPS)
Session Control (SMF) decoupled from Edge UPF"]
        SEC["SUCI / SUPI Privacy Engine
Subscription Concealed ID & 5G-AKA Auth"]
    end
    NR --- SBA
    SBA --- CUPS
    CUPS --- SEC

💡 How It Works:

The 5G System (5GS) operates as a cloud-native, microservices-driven Service-Based Architecture (SBA). Decoupled via Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS), the platform delivers up to 20 Gbps throughput, sub-5ms latency, and multi-tenant slicing across eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC domains.

Section 1.2

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1.2 End-to-End 5G System Architecture Flowchart

flowchart TD
    subgraph UE_Domain ["User Equipment (UE)"]
        UE["UE Terminal
(SUCI / 5G NR / S-NSSAI)"]
    end

    subgraph RAN_Domain ["5G Radio Access Network (5G-RAN)"]
        RU["Radio Unit (RU)
(RF Transceiver / Massive MIMO)"]
        DU["Distributed Unit (DU)
(RLC / MAC / High-PHY)"]
        CU["Centralized Unit (CU)
(PDCP / SDAP / RRC)"]
    end

    subgraph SBA_Control_Plane ["5G Core (5GC) Control Plane - Service Based Architecture (SBA)"]
        AMF["AMF
(Access & Mobility)"]
        SMF["SMF
(Session Management)"]
        NRF["NRF
(Service Discovery)"]
        NSSF["NSSF
(Slice Allocation)"]
        UDM["UDM / AUSF
(Subscriber Auth)"]
        PCF["PCF
(Policy & QoS)"]
    end

    subgraph User_Plane ["5G Core User Plane"]
        UPF["UPF
(Packet Forwarding / QoS)"]
        DN["Data Network / Internet
(Multi-Gigabit IP)"]
    end

    %% Air Interface Connections
    UE -->|NR-Uu Air Interface| RU
    RU -->|eCPRI / ORAN FH| DU
    DU -->|F1 Interface| CU

    %% RAN to Core Connections
    CU -->|N1 NAS / N2 NG-AP| AMF
    CU -->|N3 GTP-U| UPF

    %% Control Plane Microservice Interactions (HTTP/2 REST API)
    AMF -->|N11 REST| SMF
    AMF -->|N8 / N10 REST| UDM
    AMF -->|N22 REST| NSSF
    AMF -->|Nnrf REST| NRF
    SMF -->|Npcf REST| PCF
    SMF -->|Nnrf REST| NRF

    %% CUPS Interface
    SMF -->|N4 PFCP Protocol| UPF

    %% User Plane Data Path
    UPF -->|N6 IP Gateway| DN

    %% Styling
    classDef ue fill:#1e293b,stroke:#3b82f6,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef ran fill:#0f172a,stroke:#10b981,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef sba fill:#312e81,stroke:#6366f1,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef up fill:#064e3b,stroke:#10b981,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;

    class UE ue;
    class RU,DU,CU ran;
    class AMF,SMF,NRF,NSSF,UDM,PCF sba;
    class UPF,DN up;

💡 How It Works:

The End-to-End 5G Architecture flowchart maps packet flow from User Equipment across radio split nodes (RU → DU → CU), into the 5GC Control Plane microservices via HTTP/2 REST APIs, while keeping high-speed GTP-U traffic routed straight through the User Plane Function (UPF) to the Data Network.

Section 1.3

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1.3 5G SA Registration & PDU Session Setup Flowchart

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    actor UE as UE Terminal
    participant gNB as gNodeB (CU/DU)
    participant AMF as AMF
    participant NRF as NRF
    participant UDM as UDM / AUSF
    participant NSSF as NSSF
    participant SMF as SMF
    participant UPF as UPF

    Note over UE, UPF: Phase 1: 5G Registration & Mutual Authentication
    UE->>gNB: 5G-RRC Setup Complete + Registration Request (SUCI)
    gNB->>AMF: NG-AP Initial UE Message (NAS Registration Request)
    AMF->>UDM: Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate (SUCI)
    UDM->>UDM: Decrypt SUCI to SUPI & Generate 5G-AKA Vectors
    UDM-->>AMF: Auth Vector Response (RAND, AUTN, HXRES)
    AMF->>UE: NAS Auth-Request (RAND, AUTN)
    UE->>UE: Validate AUTN & Calculate RES_star
    UE-->>AMF: NAS Auth-Response (RES_star)
    AMF->>AMF: Verify RES_star (Authentication Success)

    Note over UE, UPF: Phase 2: Service Discovery & Slice Selection
    AMF->>NRF: Nnrf_NFDiscovery (Discover SMF Microservices)
    NRF-->>AMF: Available SMF Instances List
    UE->>AMF: PDU Session Establishment Request (S-NSSAI: eMBB)
    AMF->>NSSF: Nnssf_NSSelection_Get (Validate S-NSSAI)
    NSSF-->>AMF: Approved Network Slice Instance & Target SMF

    Note over UE, UPF: Phase 3: PDU Session & GTP-U Tunnel Creation
    AMF->>SMF: Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext
    SMF->>UPF: N4 Session Establishment Request (PFCP Rules & 5QI)
    UPF-->>SMF: N4 Session Establishment Response (Allocates N3 GTP-U IP)
    SMF-->>AMF: Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Response
    AMF->>gNB: NG-AP PDU Session Resource Setup Request
    gNB->>UE: RRC Reconfiguration (5G Bearer Ready)
    UE-->>gNB: RRC Reconfiguration Complete

    Note over UE, UPF: Data Path Active: UE -- gNB -- UPF -- Internet

💡 How It Works:

This sequence flowchart tracks registration, identity privacy encryption, mutual 5G-AKA authentication, microservice discovery, network slice allocation, and GTP-U data plane session establishment step-by-step.

Section 1.4

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1.4 Network Slicing & QoS Management Flowchart

flowchart LR
    subgraph Network_Slices ["Network Slices (S-NSSAI)"]
        S1["eMBB Slice
(5QI: 6/8/9)
4K/8K Streaming, AR/VR
High Bandwidth (10+ Gbps)"]
        S2["URLLC Slice
(5QI: 80/82/83)
Autonomous Driving, Telemedicine
Ultra-Low Latency (1 ms)"]
        S3["mMTC Slice
(5QI: 70/79)
Smart Grid, Mass IoT Sensors
High Density (1M devices/sq km)"]
    end

    subgraph Slice_Allocation ["NSSF & SMF Control Engine"]
        NSSF_Eng["NSSF Slice Allocation
(SST: 1=eMBB, 2=URLLC, 3=mMTC)"]
        PCF_Pol["PCF Policy Control
(5QI QoS Mapping & Dynamic Bandwidth)"]
    end

    subgraph Data_Routing ["UPF User Plane Enforcement"]
        UPF_eMBB["UPF Slice Instance A
(High Throughput Pipeline)"]
        UPF_URLLC["UPF Slice Instance B
(Edge Compute / Low Latency Anchor)"]
        UPF_mMTC["UPF Slice Instance C
(Massive Session Handler)"]
    end

    S1 --> NSSF_Eng
    S2 --> NSSF_Eng
    S3 --> NSSF_Eng

    NSSF_Eng --> PCF_Pol
    PCF_Pol -->|PFCP Policy Rules| UPF_eMBB
    PCF_Pol -->|PFCP Policy Rules| UPF_URLLC
    PCF_Pol -->|PFCP Policy Rules| UPF_mMTC

    classDef slice1 fill:#0369a1,stroke:#38bdf8,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef slice2 fill:#b91c1c,stroke:#f87171,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef slice3 fill:#047857,stroke:#34d399,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;

    class S1,UPF_eMBB slice1;
    class S2,UPF_URLLC slice2;
    class S3,UPF_mMTC slice3;

💡 How It Works:

Network Slicing segments physical infrastructure into isolated virtual slices with tailored 5QI QoS rules enforced by PCF policy controls across separate edge UPF routing pipelines.

Section 1.5

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1.5 Platform Application Flow & API Workflow

flowchart TD
    subgraph Frontend ["CMS Admin & Dashboard Web Interface"]
        UI_Dash["Dashboard Controller
(/)"]
        UI_Sub["Subscriber Management
(/subscribers)"]
        UI_Slice["Network Slice Hub
(/slices)"]
        UI_Calc["Throughput Calculator
(/calculator)"]
        UI_Admin["CMS Documentation Viewer
(/admin)"]
    end

    subgraph API_Layer ["REST API Engine (app.py)"]
        API_Sub["/api/subscribers"]
        API_Upgrade["/api/subscribers/:id/upgrade"]
        API_Slice["/api/slices"]
        API_Calc["/api/calculator/compute"]
        API_Spec["/api/spectrum"]
    end

    subgraph Service_Layer ["Core Python Service Modules"]
        Sub_Svc["subscriber_service.py
(Subscriber Lifecycle & Upgrades)"]
        Slice_Svc["slice_service.py
(S-NSSAI Allocation & Monitor)"]
        Calc_Svc["throughput_calc.py
(5G NR Speed & Latency Math Engine)"]
        Spec_Svc["spectrum_service.py
(Spectrum Refarming Roadmap)"]
    end

    subgraph Documentation_Engine ["CMS Docs Renderer (accounts/views.py)"]
        Docs_Scan["Possible Dirs Scanner
(docs/ *.md)"]
        MD_Render["Markdown Renderer
(index_cms.html)"]
    end

    UI_Dash --> API_Sub
    UI_Dash --> API_Slice
    UI_Sub --> API_Upgrade
    UI_Slice --> API_Slice
    UI_Calc --> API_Calc

    API_Sub --> Sub_Svc
    API_Upgrade --> Sub_Svc
    API_Slice --> Slice_Svc
    API_Calc --> Calc_Svc
    API_Spec --> Spec_Svc

    UI_Admin --> Docs_Scan --> MD_Render

    classDef fe fill:#1e1b4b,stroke:#818cf8,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef api fill:#4c1d95,stroke:#a78bfa,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;
    classDef svc fill:#065f46,stroke:#34d399,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff;

    class UI_Dash,UI_Sub,UI_Slice,UI_Calc,UI_Admin fe;
    class API_Sub,API_Upgrade,API_Slice,API_Calc,API_Spec api;
    class Sub_Svc,Slice_Svc,Calc_Svc,Spec_Svc svc;

💡 How It Works:

The platform architecture routes web UI interactions through clean REST API endpoints in app.py to underlying modular services (subscriber_service, slice_service, throughput_calc, spectrum_service) and CMS markdown engines.

Section 1.6

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1.6 Core 5G Architectural Component Matrix

flowchart TD
    UE[User Equipment] <-->|NR-Uu| gNB[gNodeB CU/DU/RU]
    gNB <-->|N1 NAS / N2 NG-AP| AMF[AMF - Access & Mobility]
    gNB <-->|N3 GTP-U| UPF[UPF - User Plane Function]
    AMF <-->|N11 HTTP/2| SMF[SMF - Session Management]
    AMF <-->|N8 / N10| UDM[UDM / AUSF Subscriber Vault]
    AMF <-->|N22| NSSF[NSSF Slice Selection]
    AMF <-->|Nnrf| NRF[NRF Service Registry]
    SMF <-->|Npcf| PCF[PCF Policy Control]
    SMF <-->|N4 PFCP Protocol| UPF
    UPF <-->|N6 IP Gateway| DN[Data Network / Internet]

Node	Domain	Role & Protocols
UE	Terminal	5G NR device with USIM & SUCI encryption (5G-RRC, 5G-NAS).
gNodeB	5G-RAN	Base station split into CU/DU/RU handling Massive MIMO (NG-AP, eCPRI).
AMF	5GC CP	Access & mobility manager, registration & auth relay (Namf REST).
SMF	5GC CP	PDU session controller & UPF manager over N4 PFCP (Nsmf REST).
UPF	5GC UP	High-speed packet router & QoS anchor point (N3 GTP-U, N6 IP).
UDM/AUSF	5GC CP	Subscriber vault, SUCI decryptor & 5G-AKA auth vector generator.
NRF	5GC CP	Service discovery directory for microservices in the SBA (Nnrf REST).
NSSF	5GC CP	Network Slice Selection Function based on S-NSSAI (Nnssf REST).
PCF	5GC CP	Central policy engine for 5QI QoS rules and bandwidth quotas (Npcf REST).

💡 How It Works:

The Architectural Component Matrix provides full protocol transparency for every node in the 5G core control plane and user plane forwarding pipeline.

Section 1.7

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1.7 Operational Advice & Technical Best Practices

flowchart TD
    subgraph Control_Plane ["Centralized Cloud Control Plane"]
        AMF_CP["AMF Microservice"]
        SMF_CP["SMF Microservice"]
        NRF_CP["NRF Registry"]
        UDM_CP["UDM / AUSF Vault"]
    end

    subgraph Edge_MEC ["Edge Computing / Multi-Access Edge (MEC)"]
        UPF_MEC["Edge UPF Router
(< 5ms Latency for URLLC)"]
        Local_App["MEC Edge Application"]
    end

    AMF_CP --> SMF_CP
    SMF_CP -->|N4 PFCP Signal| UPF_MEC
    UPF_MEC --> Local_App

💡 How It Works:

Operational best practices detail how MEC deployment, HTTP/2 distributed tracing, subscriber identity protection (SUCI), and spectrum refarming are realized in production 5G networks.

Section 1.8

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1.8 Summary of File Location & Access

flowchart TD
    Root["5g_system/"] --> Docs["docs/"]
    Root --> Services["services/"]
    Root --> Templates["templates/"]
    Root --> AppPy["app.py"]

    Docs --> ArchMD["5g_system_architecture.md"]
    Docs --> AdvMD["5g_system_advice.md"]

    Services --> SubSvc["subscriber_service.py"]
    Services --> SliceSvc["slice_service.py"]
    Services --> CalcSvc["throughput_calc.py"]
    Services --> SpecSvc["spectrum_service.py"]

💡 How It Works:

File locations and documentation paths provide full reference access for local development and CMS document browsing.

5G Standalone (SA) & Service-Based Architecture (SBA) System

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5G Standalone (SA) Core & Service-Based Architecture (SBA)

⚡ Executive System Overview

🏛️ Core Technical Architecture Stack

📊 Master 5G SA Core Operational Flowchart

1.1 Executive Summary & Architecture Overview

⚙️ Key Architectural Pillars:

💡 How It Works:

1.2 End-to-End 5G System Architecture Flowchart

🔌 Standard Interface Protocol Specifications:

💡 How It Works:

1.3 5G SA Registration & PDU Session Setup Flowchart

🔐 Registration & Session Setup Phases:

💡 How It Works:

1.4 Network Slicing & QoS Management Flowchart

🍰 Network Slice Type Specifications:

💡 How It Works:

1.5 Platform Application Flow & API Workflow

🚀 Platform API Endpoint Directory:

💡 How It Works:

1.6 Core 5G Architectural Component Matrix

💡 How It Works:

1.7 Operational Advice & Technical Best Practices

💡 How It Works:

1.8 Summary of File Location & Access

💡 How It Works:

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